Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis in Non-Functioning Kidneys

Primary renal pelvic squamous cell carcinomas comprise 0.5% of all renal neoplasms and are rare. The most common risk factor is nephrolithiasis. They are diagnosed late due to non-specific imaging and uncertain clinical features. With these two cases, we recommend periodic urine cytology and contrast imaging for chronic nephrolithiasis patients; and if suspected, fine needle aspiration cytology or tru-cut biopsy to be used in order to exclude malignancy that can develop on the basis of chronic pyelonephritis / nephrolithiasis.