Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

28.0K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
28.0K
Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

67.6K
The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or...
67.6K
Quantifying Heat02:46

Quantifying Heat

62.2K
Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
62.2K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

57.6K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
57.6K
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

6.8K
Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
6.8K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

15.5K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
15.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The complete genome sequence of Apodemia mormo langei, Lange's Metalmark Butterfly.

Biodiversity genomes·2026
Same author

Heat Acclimation with Blood Flow Restriction Improves Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Ability and Neuromuscular Fatigue.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same author

Comparison between soldiers and fitness-matched civilians on sustained attention, neuromuscular fatigue and perceived responses during an exhaustive cognitive-motor dual-task.

European journal of applied physiology·2026
Same author

Effect of Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Training on Sustained Attention Performance and Neuromuscular Fatigue During Incremental Cycling in Trained Athletes.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2025
Same author

A New Incremental Cycling Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Test to Assess Simultaneous Sustained Attention and Neuromuscular Fatigue in Trained Athletes.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2025
Same author

Sex Differences in Sustained Attention Performance and Neuromuscular Fatigue During an Intense Cognitive-Motor Dual Task in Normoxia and Hypoxia.

International journal of sports physiology and performance·2025
Same journal

Advancing safety training for nuclear decommissioning and dismantling: Integrating MX-based approaches for improved competency development.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Authority gradients in rail: A cross-jurisdictional systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

The distracting role of stress: Impaired executive attention and delayed fatigue perception.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Analysis of work system components in interprofessional communication to determine shock etiology.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Getting SSPOT to run: Development of a novel direct observational tool for usage in clinical settings.

Applied ergonomics·2026
Same journal

Investigating the impact of sopite syndrome on physiological responses during an immersive Augmented Reality (AR) game in a moving vehicle.

Applied ergonomics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
10:11

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures

Published on: May 7, 2013

16.3K

Practical pre-cooling methods for occupational heat exposure.

Emily R Watkins1, Mark Hayes1, Peter Watt1

  • 1Environmental Extremes Laboratory, Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Welkin Laboratories, Eastbourne, UK.

Applied Ergonomics
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consuming ice slurry before wearing protective gear significantly reduces physiological and perceptual strain during heat exposure. This pre-cooling method is recommended for individuals working in demanding, hot environments.

Keywords:
Heat exposureInterleukin-6Occupational healthPre-cooling

More Related Videos

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
12:02

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA

Published on: May 2, 2018

13.1K
Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum
10:22

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Published on: December 4, 2015

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
10:11

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures

Published on: May 7, 2013

16.3K
Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
12:02

Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA

Published on: May 2, 2018

13.1K
Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum
10:22

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Published on: December 4, 2015

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Personal protective equipment (PPE) use, such as firefighter ensembles, can increase physiological strain and thermal discomfort.
  • Effective pre-cooling strategies are needed to mitigate these adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of different pre-cooling methods in reducing physiological and perceptual strain during simulated work in the heat while wearing PPE.
  • To investigate the impact of pre-cooling on inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven males underwent four conditions: pre-cooling with a phase change vest (PCV), forearm cooling (ARM), ice slurry consumption (ICE), or no cooling (CON).
  • Participants then completed a 45-minute intermittent walk in a hot and humid environment (49.5°C, 15.4% RH) wearing a firefighter ensemble.
  • Rectal temperature, thermal sensation, and Interleukin-6 levels were measured.

Main Results:

  • Ice slurry consumption (ICE) significantly reduced rectal temperature before and during exercise compared to the control (CON) and other cooling methods.
  • Both ICE and forearm cooling (ARM) reduced thermal sensation compared to CON.
  • Pre-cooling did not significantly affect Interleukin-6 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Consuming 500ml of ice slurry 15 minutes prior to work is an effective pre-cooling strategy to reduce physiological and perceptual strain for individuals wearing protective equipment in hot conditions.
  • Further research may explore optimal timing and volume of ice slurry for different occupational settings.