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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

7.1K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

3.8K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.8K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.2K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.2K
Joints01:26

Joints

35.8K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
35.8K
Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

1.3K
The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
1.3K
Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

4.9K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
4.9K

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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Injectable Agents Versus Surgery for Recurrent Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation.

Shravan Kumar Renapurkar1, Daniel M Laskin1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 520 North 12th Street, Wood Building Room 311C, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation (TMJD) management lacks consistent evidence. Injectable agents are recommended initially for TMJD, with surgery reserved for nonresponsive cases.

Keywords:
Autologous blood injectionEminectomySclerosing agentsSubluxationTemporomandibular joint dislocation

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Medicine

Background:

  • Recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation (TMJD) presents significant patient distress and treatment challenges.
  • A lack of high-level evidence leads to inconsistent management strategies for TMJD.
  • Current literature offers varied injectable agents and open surgical techniques for TMJD treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on injectable agents and open surgical techniques for recurrent TMJD.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for TMJD management.
  • To establish a consistent treatment pathway for recurrent TMJD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common injectable agents for TMJD.
  • Literature review of open surgical techniques for TMJD.
  • Synthesis of findings to determine optimal treatment sequence.

Main Results:

  • Injectable agents are identified as a primary treatment option for recurrent TMJD.
  • Capsulorraphy and eminectomy are effective surgical options for patients unresponsive to initial treatments.
  • Evidence supports a stepwise approach to TMJD management.

Conclusions:

  • Injectable agents should be considered the initial treatment of choice for recurrent TMJD.
  • Surgical interventions like capsulorraphy and eminectomy are indicated for refractory TMJD cases.
  • Further high-level evidence is needed to refine TMJD treatment protocols.