Here, there and everywhere: Resistin-like molecules in infection, inflammation, and metabolic disorders

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Molecular Biology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Resistin-like molecules (RELM) α, β, and γ, along with resistin, show structural similarities but varied functions.
• These proteins are implicated in diverse conditions including microbial infections, inflammatory diseases (asthma, fibrosis), and metabolic disorders (diabetes).
• While their regulation is understood, RELM functions remain debated, with evidence for both protective and harmful effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular regulation and tissue expression of the RELM gene family.
• To outline the functions and receptor-mediated signaling of RELM proteins.
• To discuss emerging evidence on the potentially beneficial roles of RELM proteins in host defense.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of gene regulation, transcription, and tissue expression.
• Analysis of studies on RELM protein functions and signaling pathways.
• Synthesis of recent research on RELM roles in disease models.

Main Results:

• RELM proteins exhibit complex expression patterns across various human and mouse disease models.
• Evidence suggests diverse functions, with proposed receptors including decorin, CAP1, and TLR4 for resistin.
• Recent studies indicate RELM proteins may have beneficial host-protective roles.

Conclusions:

• RELM proteins are key players in host-pathogen interactions and metabolic regulation.
• Understanding RELM receptor interactions is crucial for elucidating their signaling.
• Contrary to prior beliefs, RELM proteins may offer significant therapeutic potential in certain disease contexts.