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Parasite avoidance behaviours in aquatic environments.

Donald C Behringer1,2, Anssi Karvonen3, Jamie Bojko4,2

  • 1School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA behringer@ufl.edu.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Animals use parasite avoidance behaviors to defend against pathogens. While similar in terrestrial and aquatic systems, environmental differences shape these crucial defense strategies, which remain understudied in water.

Keywords:
avoidance behaviourbehavioural immunityfreshwaterinfectionmarinepathogen

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Parasites pose significant threats to host animals across diverse environments.
  • Behavioral avoidance is a key host defense strategy, studied for decades in terrestrial systems.
  • The study of parasite avoidance behaviors in aquatic environments is more recent but growing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare parasite avoidance behaviors in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
  • To highlight environmental factors influencing the evolution of these behaviors.
  • To explore the implications of avoidance behaviors for disease ecology and epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of existing literature on behavioral avoidance.
  • Analysis of environmental drivers (biotic and abiotic) affecting avoidance strategies.
  • Exploration of trade-offs, negative effects, and human impacts on avoidance behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Core similarities exist in the function and benefit of avoidance behaviors across environments.
  • Significant differences in avoidance mechanisms and cues are driven by terrestrial vs. aquatic conditions.
  • Aquatic parasite avoidance behaviors are understudied but critical for understanding disease dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral avoidance is a vital, yet underappreciated, defense against parasites in aquatic environments.
  • Understanding these behaviors is crucial for managing emerging and re-emerging parasitic diseases.
  • Further research into aquatic avoidance strategies is needed to fully grasp their ecological and epidemiological significance.