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Mixed Reality Technology and Three-Dimensional Printing in Teaching: Heart Anatomy as an Example
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What Is the Heart? Anatomy, Function, Pathophysiology, and Misconceptions.

Gerald D Buckberg1, Navin C Nanda2, Christopher Nguyen3

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Room 62-258 CHS, P.O. Box 951741, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1741, USA. GBuckberg@mednet.ucla.edu.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) model redefines cardiac anatomy, explaining heart dynamics like twisting and untwisting. This challenges traditional views of cardiac mechanics and may improve heart disease diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
RV functionconventional heart anatomydiastolic dysfunctionhelical ventricular myocardial bandisovolumic relaxation timemitral valve opening

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Cardiac Anatomy
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional cardiac mechanics models are based on left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum morphology.
  • This differs from the heart's historical description involving helical and circumferential myocardial arrangements.
  • Torrent Guasp's work introduced the helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the anatomical description and structural findings of the helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB).
  • To explain the six dynamic actions of the heart (narrowing, shortening, lengthening, widening, twisting, uncoiling) based on the HVMB structure.
  • To challenge and potentially overturn established concepts in cardiac mechanics and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of Torrent Guasp's anatomical and functional descriptions of the heart.
  • Comparative analysis of the HVMB model with traditional cardiac mechanics paradigms.
  • Identification of specific cardiac phenomena potentially explained by the HVMB structure.

Main Results:

  • The HVMB model provides a unified anatomical basis for understanding complex cardiac dynamics.
  • It offers explanations for phenomena such as myocardial twisting/untwisting and longitudinal/circumferential strain.
  • The model challenges established assumptions regarding ventricular segmentation, diastolic function, and septal mechanics.

Conclusions:

  • The helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) offers a novel framework for cardiac anatomy and mechanics.
  • This anatomical understanding necessitates a re-evaluation of current cardiac function theories and clinical assumptions.
  • The HVMB model holds significant potential to advance the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.