Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
Published on: February 9, 2021
Ball Milling Promoted N-Heterocycles Synthesis
Taghreed H El-Sayed1,2, Asmaa Aboelnaga3,4, Mohamed A El-Atawy5,6
1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423 Saudi Arabia. taghreed.hussien@yahoo.com.
Ball milling offers an economical and eco-friendly approach to organic synthesis, particularly for N-heterocyclic compounds. This review highlights its advantages over other methods like microwave or ultrasound irradiation.
Area of Science:
- Organic chemistry
- Green chemistry
Background:
- Ball milling is an emerging technique in organic synthesis.
- It presents an economical and eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods.
- Its application in N-heterocyclic compound synthesis is underrepresented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the advantages of using ball milling for synthesizing N-heterocyclic compounds.
- To increase awareness of ball milling as a viable synthetic tool.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ball milling applications in organic synthesis.
- Focus on protocols for N-heterocyclic compound preparation.
Main Results:
- Ball milling provides a cost-effective and environmentally benign route.
- It offers comparable or superior results to other methods.
- Facilitates solvent-free reactions and simplifies workup procedures.
Conclusions:
- Ball milling is a powerful and sustainable method for N-heterocyclic compound synthesis.
- Further exploration and adoption by organic chemists are encouraged.
More Related Videos
19:58Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
13:05Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments
Published on: January 23, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...