Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

16.8K
The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
16.8K
Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design01:28

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

1.8K
Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence...
1.8K
Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

46.2K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
46.2K
The Nernst Equation02:59

The Nernst Equation

47.1K
Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
47.1K
pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

80.2K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
80.2K
Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

81.9K
Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
81.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations Between Parental Physical Activity and Preschool Children's Physical Activity and Social Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Digital Home Learning Activities in Early Childhood: Associations with Socio-Emotional Difficulties.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Enhancing Preschoolers' Motor Creativity Through Playfulness and Social Engagement.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

The Role of School Environment on the Sustainable Development of Pre-Schoolers' Motor Creativity.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Dimensionality assessment in ordinal data: a comparison between parallel analysis and exploratory graph analysis.

Frontiers in psychology·2024
Same author

Examination of Student-Teacher Interpersonal Relationships Circumplex Model in the Greek Educational Context.

Psychological reports·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
11:32

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

13.2K

Applying Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to Examine the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale in a

Nikolaos Tsigilis1, Athanasios Gregoriadis2, Vasilis Grammatikopoulos3

  • 1Department of Journalism and Mass Media Communication, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study applied Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) in Greece. ESEM improved model fit, revealing cultural differences in teacher-child relationships and confirming scale invariance across gender and age.

Keywords:
early childhood educationexploratory structural equation modelingmeasurement invariancestudent-teacher relationship scaleteacher-child relationships

More Related Videos

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

1.2K
Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila
06:00

Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila

Published on: October 1, 2011

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
11:32

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

13.2K
Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

1.2K
Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila
06:00

Experimental Manipulation of Body Size to Estimate Morphological Scaling Relationships in Drosophila

Published on: October 1, 2011

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Teacher-child relationships are crucial for early childhood development.
  • The Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) is a key instrument for assessing these relationships.
  • Previous research faced challenges validating the STRS factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the factor structure of the STRS in a Greek sample using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM).
  • To investigate cultural influences on teacher-child relationship patterns.
  • To assess the invariance of the STRS across gender and age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on data from 4,158 children in Greek centers.
  • Administered the 28-item Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) to early educators.
  • Performed invariance testing across gender and age categories.

Main Results:

  • ESEM demonstrated a superior fit to the data compared to CFA, indicating CFA's limitations for the STRS.
  • A positive correlation between Closeness and Dependency was found, differing from US/Northern European studies and aligning with Greek cultural context.
  • The STRS confirmed configural, metric, scalar, and variance/covariance equivalence across genders and age groups (3-7 years).

Conclusions:

  • ESEM is a more appropriate method for analyzing the STRS factor structure than CFA.
  • Cultural factors significantly influence teacher-child relationship dynamics, as evidenced by the Closeness-Dependency correlation.
  • The STRS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing teacher-child relationships across different genders and developmental stages in Greece.