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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
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Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right DLPFC selectively modulates subprocesses in working memory.

Jiarui Wang1, Jinhua Tian1, Renning Hao1

  • 1Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.

Peerj
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex selectively enhances working memory maintenance. Anodal tDCS impaired performance, suggesting distinct roles for these stimulation types in cognitive processes.

Keywords:
MaintenanceRight DLPFCUpdatingWorking memoryn-backtDCS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Working memory comprises manipulation and maintenance processes.
  • Previous research on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) focused on overall working memory effects.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding tDCS's specific impact on working memory sub-processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the segregative effects of tDCS on working memory manipulation and maintenance.
  • To explore the role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in these sub-processes using anodal and cathodal tDCS.
  • To reconfirm the causal relationship between right DLPFC stimulation and working memory sub-processes.

Main Methods:

  • A modified spatial n-back task was employed.
  • Anodal and cathodal tDCS were applied to the right DLPFC.
  • Performance on manipulation (updating) and maintenance was assessed under different tDCS conditions.

Main Results:

  • Cathodal tDCS on the right DLPFC selectively improved performance in the difficult condition of the 2-back task.
  • Anodal tDCS significantly reduced performance and led to faster response times.
  • Analysis of discriminability and criterion indicated that only cathodal tDCS enhanced maintenance, while manipulation remained unaffected by either tDCS condition.

Conclusions:

  • Cathodal tDCS of the right DLPFC selectively enhances working memory maintenance capacity.
  • Cathodal tDCS may act as an interference suppressor, indirectly boosting working memory.
  • The right DLPFC may not be exclusively responsible for working memory manipulation (updating).