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Related Concept Videos

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

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In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
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Integrals involving non-rational functions are often difficult to evaluate using standard techniques, especially when radicals appear in the integrand. Rationalizing substitution provides a systematic method for simplifying such integrals by converting them into rational forms that are easier to handle.Consider a rod whose linear mass density depends on a constant linear density, a characteristic length, and the distance from the left end of the rod. Determining the total mass requires...
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Rational expressions are algebraic fractions in which both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. These expressions follow the arithmetic rules of numerical fractions but require extra care due to the presence of variables. A fundamental part of working with rational expressions is identifying values that make the expression undefined, typically those that result in division by zero or undefined radicals.Determining the DomainThe domain of a rational expression includes all real...
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Asymptotes in Rational Functions01:30

Asymptotes in Rational Functions

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A rational function is defined as the quotient of two polynomials:  where Q(x)≠0, These functions often exhibit asymptotes, which are the lines that the graph approaches but never touches. These asymptotes are classified based on how the function behaves near specific values of the input.Vertical asymptotes occur where the denominator is zero, and the numerator is not, causing the function to be undefined. These are found by solving Q(x)=0. For example:  has a vertical...
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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Simple Methods and Rational Design for Enhancing Aptamer Sensitivity and Specificity.

Priya Kalra1, Abhijeet Dhiman1,2, William C Cho3

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This perspective details novel methods to improve aptamer selection and optimize aptamer affinity, specificity, and avidity. These strategies enhance aptamer-based assays for diagnostics.

Keywords:
KdSELEXaffinityaptamerslimit of detectionselectivitysensitivityspecificity

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Aptamers are nucleic acid ligands with high target affinity and specificity.
  • Conventional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) may not yield optimal aptamers.
  • There is a need for improved aptamer selection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To suggest novel methods and practical tips for enhancing aptamer evolution.
  • To improve aptamer affinity, avidity, specificity, and selectivity during and post-SELEX.
  • To discuss factors influencing aptamer-based assay performance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and novel aptamer selection techniques.
  • Analysis of post-SELEX optimization strategies.
  • Discussion of selection milieu, linker systems, aptamer cocktails, and detection modules.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of advantages and limitations of various aptamer selection and optimization methods.
  • Identification of rational approaches to overcome limitations in aptamer development.
  • Demonstration of the impact of assay components on overall performance.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed methods facilitate the development of ultrasensitive and specific aptamer-based assays.
  • Optimization strategies can overcome limitations of conventional SELEX.
  • Successful aptamer assays highlight the utility of these methodologies for point-of-care diagnostics.