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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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Enthalpy of Solution02:39

Enthalpy of Solution

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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Standard Solutions01:14

Standard Solutions

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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
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Prosthetic Aortic Valves: Challenges and Solutions.

Lucia Musumeci1, Nicolas Jacques1, Alexandre Hego1

  • 1Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aortic Valve Disease (AVD) is a common heart condition. This review covers prosthetic aortic valve replacement options and the challenges and solutions for patients and medical professionals.

Keywords:
aortic valve replacementbioprosthesiscomplicationsmechanical valvepercutaneoussurgical

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Aortic Valve Disease (AVD) is the most prevalent form of Valvular Heart Disease (VHD), impacting millions globally.
  • Severe AVD necessitates prosthetic aortic valve replacement, a procedure replacing the native valve with an artificial one.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the available types of prosthetic aortic valves for implantation.
  • To discuss the challenges encountered by patients, clinicians, researchers, and manufacturers in AVD treatment.
  • To explore current and future approaches to overcome these challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and clinical data on prosthetic aortic valves.
  • Analysis of patient outcomes, procedural complications, and device performance.
  • Synthesis of information on technological advancements and research directions.

Main Results:

  • Overview of various prosthetic aortic valve designs, including mechanical and bioprosthetic options.
  • Identification of key challenges such as durability, biocompatibility, thrombogenicity, and patient-specific factors.
  • Discussion of innovative solutions, including novel materials, improved surgical techniques, and transcatheter valve technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Prosthetic aortic valve replacement is a critical intervention for severe AVD.
  • Addressing challenges requires multidisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers, researchers, and industry.
  • Ongoing innovation is crucial for improving long-term outcomes and patient quality of life in Aortic Valve Disease management.