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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Additional Subnuclear Structures

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Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Monitoring Conformational Dynamics of Single Unmodified Proteins using Plasmonic Nanotweezers

Monitoring Conformational Dynamics of Single Unmodified Proteins using Plasmonic Nanotweezers

Published on: March 21, 2025

Toward broadband, dynamic structuring of a complex plasmonic field.

Shibiao Wei^1,2,3, Guangyuan Si³, Michael Malek²

¹Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

Science Advances

|June 6, 2018

Summary

Researchers developed a new platform for precisely controlling surface plasmon polariton (SPP) fields, enabling advanced nanophotonic applications. This method avoids interference issues common with laser-excited SPPs, offering greater flexibility and broader wave system applicability.

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Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Monitoring Conformational Dynamics of Single Unmodified Proteins using Plasmonic Nanotweezers

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Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

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Correlative Microscopy for 3D Structural Analysis of Dynamic Interactions

Correlative Microscopy for 3D Structural Analysis of Dynamic Interactions

Published on: June 24, 2013

Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Wave Physics

Background:

Tailoring coherent surface plasmon polariton (SPP) fields is crucial for nanophotonic applications.
Previous methods involved scanning SPP spots or using spot ensembles, but laser excitation causes inevitable interference.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reconfigurable and wavelength-independent platform for generating tailored two-dimensional (2D) SPP field distributions.
To address the limitations of interference in existing SPP manipulation techniques.

Main Methods:

A novel design approach treating the coherent field as a whole, rather than individual spots.
Demonstration of a platform that is reconfigurable and wavelength-independent.

Main Results:

Revealed inherent constraints in 2D coherent field distributions.
Successfully generated tailored 2D SPP fields without interference issues.

Conclusions:

The new approach offers a robust method for controlling SPP fields, opening new avenues in nanophotonics.
The design principles are applicable to other 2D wave systems, including surface acoustic waves.