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Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
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Associative Learning01:27

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Observational Learning01:12

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Introduction to Learning01:18

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Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
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[What rheumatologists can learn from gastroenterologists].

S Fischer1, C Beyer2, M F Neurath2

  • 1Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland. sarah.fischer@uk-erlangen.de.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex, requiring interdisciplinary care. Current strategies and innovations focus on shared pathways while acknowledging unique treatment differences for IBD patients.

Keywords:
ArthritisCalprotectinChronic inflammatory bowel diseasesGlucocorticoidsMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases present complex, multifaceted manifestations.
  • Interdisciplinary treatment approaches are essential for managing these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of current strategies and innovations in managing chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed database.

Main Results:

  • Shared pathophysiological pathways exist across chronic inflammatory diseases, suggesting common therapeutic targets.
  • Significant differences in treatment strategies are noted due to the specific nature of each disease.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, characterized by numerous extraintestinal organ manifestations, necessitate collaborative, interdisciplinary treatment plans.