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Dracunculiasis Eradication: Are We There Yet?

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The global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program has nearly eliminated guinea worm disease, with only two countries reporting human cases in 2017. Remaining challenges include insecurity and animal infections, hindering complete transmission interruption.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease) was once endemic in 21 countries, with 3.5 million cases in 1986.
  • Significant progress has been made in its eradication through a global program.
  • The disease is caused by the parasite *Dracunculus medinensis*.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of year-end 2017.
  • To identify remaining obstacles to the complete interruption of dracunculiasis transmission.

Main Methods:

  • The report is based on data and surveillance from the Dracunculiasis Eradication Program.
  • Analysis of reported human and animal cases of dracunculiasis in endemic countries.

Main Results:

  • Dracunculiasis has been eliminated from 19 of the 21 endemic countries.
  • In 2017, only Chad and Ethiopia reported human cases (15 each).
  • Animal infections with *Dracunculus medinensis* occurred in Chad, Ethiopia, and Mali.

Conclusions:

  • The global eradication of dracunculiasis is nearing completion.
  • Insecurity and animal reservoir infections are the primary remaining barriers to interrupting transmission.
  • Sustained efforts are required to address these challenges and achieve zero transmission.