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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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[Alemtuzumab therapy 2017].

Tamás Biernacki1, Krisztina Bencsik1, Dániel Sandi1

  • 1Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Neurológiai Klinika, Szeged.

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Alemtuzumab is effective for treating active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), significantly reducing relapses and disease progression. Many patients achieve no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) with this treatment.

Keywords:
NEDA-3alemtuzumabclinical efficacydrug reviewmultiple sclerosistherapeutic guideline

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, unpredictable central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration.
  • MS presents with heterogeneous symptoms and is classified into relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and progressive forms, with RRMS further divided into active and inactive disease states.
  • Achieving 'no evidence of disease activity-3' (NEDA-3) signifies a lack of clinical relapses, radiological progression, and disability worsening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide neurologists with an evidence-based guideline for personalized multiple sclerosis treatment.
  • To establish a therapeutic algorithm that incorporates alemtuzumab for optimal patient management.
  • To define the appropriate role of alemtuzumab in the treatment algorithm for highly active MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of two Phase III clinical trials (CARE-MS I and II) comparing alemtuzumab to subcutaneous interferon beta-1a.
  • Analysis of efficacy data regarding relapse rate reduction, MRI parameters, and disease progression.
  • Evaluation of NEDA-3 achievement rates in alemtuzumab-treated patients over 4 years.

Main Results:

  • Alemtuzumab demonstrated superiority over interferon beta-1a in reducing relapse rates and improving MRI outcomes in both trials.
  • CARE-MS II showed alemtuzumab was superior in slowing disease progression.
  • Significant percentages of patients achieved NEDA-3: 32-39% within 2 years, increasing to 55-60% by year 4.

Conclusions:

  • Alemtuzumab is a highly effective treatment option for active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, suitable for first-line or escalation therapy.
  • The data supports the use of alemtuzumab in achieving sustained disease control and NEDA-3 status in MS patients.
  • A proposed therapeutic algorithm should guide neurologists in integrating alemtuzumab for personalized MS management.