Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 9, 2026
07:35
A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports
Published on: October 13, 2023
2.2K
Recommendations toward a human pathway-based approach to disease research
Lindsay J Marshall1, Christopher P Austin2, Warren Casey3
1Humane Society International, The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
Drug Discovery Today
|June 6, 2018
Summary
Drug development faces high failure rates and costs. Improving human biology understanding through better data and collaboration can enhance drug discovery success.
Area of Science:
- Drug Discovery and Development
- Biomedical Research
- Translational Science
Background:
- Current drug development models exhibit high failure rates (>90%)
- Most failures occur in Phase 2/3 clinical trials due to efficacy or toxicity issues
- Escalating research and development costs are a significant concern
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify strategies for improving drug discovery and development paradigms
- To enhance the application of existing programs for understanding human biology
- To address the challenges of high attrition rates in drug development
Main Methods:
- Convened a multidisciplinary workshop with stakeholders from research, regulatory, industry, and academic sectors
- Facilitated discussions on optimizing current programs for human biology insights
- Gathered recommendations for improving the drug discovery pipeline
Main Results:
- Identified a critical need for increased emphasis on human relevance in drug discovery
- Highlighted the importance of improved data access and curation
- Stressed the necessity for enhanced interdisciplinary and international collaboration
Conclusions:
- Reforming drug development requires a focus on human biology and data integration
- Enhanced collaboration across sectors and borders is essential for innovation
- Implementing these recommendations can potentially reduce failure rates and costs in drug development.
Related Concept Videos
01:27C4 Pathway and CAM
49.3K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
49.3K
01:24Other Glycolytic Pathways
941
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
941
01:26Respiration Pathways
791
Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
791
01:15Auditory Pathway
7.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.4K
01:45ER Retrieval Pathway
4.8K
In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
4.8K
01:20Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance
540
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
540