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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
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[Clinical application and recent advance in BAHA].

J H Shi, Y Xia

    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
    |June 6, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) offer effective solutions for various types of deafness. The BAHA attract system is highlighted as an aesthetic, safe, and preferred option for patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Audiology

    Background:

    • Hearing loss, including conductive, mixed, and single-sided deafness, affects a significant global population.
    • Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) are established treatments for specific hearing impairments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the fundamental structure, clinical applications, surgical techniques, and potential complications associated with bone-anchored hearing aids.
    • To provide a brief discussion on the novel BAHA attract system.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of bone-anchored hearing aids.
    • Discussion of the BAHA attract system's features and benefits.

    Main Results:

    • Bone-anchored hearing aids are suitable for conductive, mixed, and single-sided deafness.
    Keywords:
    BAHA attractbone anchored hearing aidsdeafnessrecent advance

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  • The BAHA attract system is presented as an aesthetically pleasing, user-friendly, safe, and effective hearing solution.

    • Conclusions:

    • The BAHA attract system represents a preferred choice for patients seeking an improved hearing aid experience.
    • BAHA technology continues to evolve, offering better outcomes for hearing-impaired individuals.