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Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
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Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

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The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
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Related Experiment Video

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Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth
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Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth

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Observing DNA in live cells.

Lucien E Weiss1, Tal Naor1, Yoav Shechtman2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|June 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visualizing DNA in live cells is crucial for understanding cellular processes. This review overviews fluorescent labeling and imaging techniques, discussing their strengths and weaknesses for various applications.

Keywords:
CRISPRDNAfluorescencemicroscopysingle moleculesuper resolution

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • DNA structure and dynamics are vital for cellular functions.
  • Observing these dynamic events in living cells is challenging.
  • Fluorescence microscopy offers a powerful tool for live-cell imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of DNA labeling and imaging techniques for live-cell studies.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of current methods.
  • To guide the selection of appropriate techniques for specific research applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA labeling and imaging techniques.
  • Analysis of the suitability of various methods for live-cell visualization.
  • Discussion of the technical challenges and advancements in the field.

Main Results:

  • Several distinct strategies exist for fluorescently labeling DNA in live cells.
  • Each technique presents unique benefits and drawbacks regarding phototoxicity, signal-to-noise ratio, and specificity.
  • The choice of method depends heavily on the specific biological question and experimental constraints.

Conclusions:

  • A range of tools are available for visualizing DNA dynamics in live cells.
  • Understanding the trade-offs of each technique is essential for successful experimental design.
  • Continued development aims to improve resolution, reduce phototoxicity, and enhance applicability.