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Cognitive Function Deficits Associated With Long-Duration Type 1 Diabetes and Vascular Complications
Gail Musen1,2, Liane J Tinsley1, Katrina A Marcinkowski3
1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.
Diabetes Care
|June 7, 2018
Summary
Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes experience cognitive decline, performing worse in memory and motor speed compared to those without diabetes. Diabetes complications are linked to cognitive deficits in long-term type 1 diabetes patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes patients are living longer, increasing the risk of age-related cognitive decline.
- Previous research indicates mild cognitive deficits in middle-aged individuals with type 1 diabetes.
- The long-term cognitive trajectory and comparison with other diabetes types remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare cognitive function in long-term type 1 diabetes patients (Medalists) with type 2 diabetes patients and non-diabetic controls.
- To investigate the association between diabetes complications and cognitive performance in Medalists.
Main Methods:
- Cognitive assessment of 82 Medalists (≥50 years of type 1 diabetes), 31 type 2 diabetes patients, and 30 controls.
- Collection of medical histories and biospecimens.
- Evaluation of complication-cognition links in Medalists.
Main Results:
- Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups showed significantly worse immediate/delayed recall and psychomotor speed than controls.
- A trend towards worse executive function was observed in both diabetes groups.
- In Medalists, cardiovascular disease correlated with poorer executive function, and retinopathy with slower psychomotor speed.
Conclusions:
- Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with broader cognitive impairments than previously recognized.
- Diabetes complications significantly impact cognition in long-term type 1 diabetes.
- Further research into differing mechanisms and interventions to slow cognitive decline is warranted.
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