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Cellulose synthase complexes display distinct dynamic behaviors during xylem transdifferentiation.

Yoichiro Watanabe1,2, Rene Schneider3,4, Sarah Barkwill2

  • 1Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Plant CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) complexes switch from primary to secondary wall synthesis by removing old complexes and recycling new ones. This dynamic trafficking ensures efficient cellulose production during cell wall development.

Keywords:
cellulosecellulose biosynthesisprimary cell wallsecondary cell wallxylem transdifferentiation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Molecular plant science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose is a key component of plant cell walls, synthesized by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) enzyme complexes.
  • Different CESA complexes are specialized for primary and secondary cell wall synthesis.
  • Developing xylem cells require a transition from primary to secondary wall synthesis, necessitating CESA complex remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic mechanisms of CESA complex remodeling during the transition from primary to secondary cell wall synthesis in plants.
  • To understand the subcellular trafficking and protein abundance changes of CESA complexes during this developmental switch.

Main Methods:

  • Live-cell imaging techniques were employed to visualize CESA complex dynamics in real-time.
  • Analysis of CESA complex localization, delivery, and removal from the plasma membrane and Golgi.
  • Investigated protein abundance changes and sensitivity to the inhibitor isoxaben.

Main Results:

  • Primary wall CESA complexes were removed from the plasma membrane and Golgi at the start of secondary wall synthesis.
  • A transient coexistence of primary and secondary wall CESA complexes was observed in specific plasma membrane domains.
  • Primary wall CESAs accumulated in prevacuolar compartments and vacuoles, indicating degradation, while secondary wall CESAs were produced and recycled.

Conclusions:

  • Plant cells dynamically regulate CESA complex composition for distinct cell wall synthesis stages.
  • Subcellular trafficking pathways are crucial for removing obsolete CESA complexes and incorporating new ones.
  • This remodeling process ensures the precise deposition of cellulose for specialized cell wall structures.