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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

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Sterically Controlled Ru(II)-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of 2-Methylindoles and Indolines through a C-H
Manash Kumar Manna1,2, Gurupada Bairy1,2, Ranjan Jana1,2
1Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Jadavpur, Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India.
Abstract:
A ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-methylindole was accomplished via a C-H allylation/oxidative cyclization cascade. Strategically, β-hydride elimination from the σ-alkyl-Ru intermediate has been suppressed by steric hindrance from a remote position. Hence, 2-methylindolines from the corresponding ortho-substituted anilines were achieved via protodemetalation in lieu of β-hydride elimination under a modified reaction condition. This mild intermolecular annulation cascade proceeds smoothly by a redox-neutral ruthenium catalyst without stoichiometric metal oxidants, such as silver(I) or copper(II) salts, providing excellent functional group tolerance.
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