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STAT3: a multifaceted oncoprotein

Aleks C Guanizo1,2, Chamira Dilanka Fernando1,2, Daniel J Garama1,2

  • 1a Centre for Cancer Research , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , VIC , Australia.

Growth Factors (Chur, Switzerland)
|June 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is crucial for cell growth and survival. Its complex regulation, including post-translational modifications, influences its dual role as oncogene or tumor suppressor, impacting human diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is a key signaling protein involved in cellular growth, differentiation, and survival.
  • STAT3 dysregulation is implicated in pathologies like hyper IgE syndrome and is found in approximately 50% of human tumors.
  • The traditional view of STAT3 as a tyrosine phosphorylated transcription factor is evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex regulation of STAT3 activity beyond tyrosine phosphorylation.
  • To discuss the diverse biological outcomes of STAT3 activation.
  • To examine the dual role of STAT3 as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of STAT3 signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of post-translational modifications affecting STAT3 function.
  • Examination of STAT3's genomic and non-genomic activities.

Main Results:

  • STAT3 regulation involves numerous post-translational modifications beyond tyrosine phosphorylation.
  • These modifications impact both nuclear and non-genomic functions of STAT3.
  • Emerging evidence suggests STAT3 can act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor.

Conclusions:

  • STAT3's role in cancer is complex and context-dependent.
  • Understanding STAT3's multifaceted regulation is critical for therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate STAT3's oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions.
Keywords:
STAT3cancermitochondriapost-translational modifications

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