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Basic continuous-time signals include the unit step function, unit impulse function, and unit ramp function, collectively referred to as singularity functions. Singularity functions are characterized by discontinuities or discontinuous derivatives.
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In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
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An improved time over threshold method using bipolar signals.

Jiwoong Jung1, Yong Choi1, Kyu Bom Kim1

  • 1Molecular Imaging Research & Education (MiRe) Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|June 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a bipolar time over threshold (TOT) method to improve positron emission tomography (PET) detector performance. The novel bipolar TOT method significantly enhances linearity and coincidence resolving time (CRT) for PET applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Instrumentation
  • Medical Physics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Conventional time over threshold (TOT) methods in PET applications exhibit limitations such as non-linearity, limited dynamic range, and a trade-off between energy resolution and coincidence resolving time (CRT).
  • These limitations hinder optimal performance in high-resolution PET imaging systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel bipolar time over threshold (TOT) signal processing method to overcome the limitations of conventional TOT.
  • To improve linearity, dynamic range, and coincidence resolving time (CRT) for PET detector front-end readout.

Main Methods:

  • A bipolar signal was generated using a high-frequency CR shaping filter, featuring a fast-rising positive pulse and a linear-slope negative pulse.
  • The bipolar TOT circuit comprised a preamplifier, CR shaping filter, and two comparators, integrated into a PET detector module with LYSO crystals and SiPM arrays.
  • Performance was evaluated by measuring pulse height resolution and CRT using both the bipolar TOT and conventional TOT methods.

Main Results:

  • The bipolar TOT method achieved a similar pulse height resolution (10.4%) but significantly improved integral non-linearity (1.4% vs. 17.2%) and CRT (168 ± 4 ps vs. 258 ± 15 ps) compared to the conventional TOT.
  • A 16-channel PET detector module demonstrated clear crystal positioning and achieved an average pulse height resolution of 11.5% ± 0.2% and CRT of 516 ± 24 ps.
  • The bipolar TOT method requires fewer electronic components while enhancing key performance metrics.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed bipolar TOT method effectively addresses the limitations of conventional TOT, offering improved CRT, linearity, and dynamic range for PET detectors.
  • This novel approach demonstrates scalability for developing advanced PET systems with a large number of detector channels.
  • The bipolar TOT method represents a significant advancement in PET signal processing for enhanced imaging capabilities.