Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons
Published on: March 15, 2018
Brain Tectal Tumors: A Flexible Approach
Alessandro Perin1,2,3, Tommaso Francesco Galbiati1,3, Cecilia Casali1
1Neurosurgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Besta," Milan, Italy.
Background And Importance:
Mesencephalic tectal gliomas represent a subset of midbrain tumors, which are more frequent in children than in adults. They usually become symptomatic when causing hydrocephalus by occluding the aqueduct. Because of their slow progression, due to their benign histology, they are characterized by a relatively good prognosis, although hydrocephalus might jeopardize patients' prognosis. Treatment is usually represented by cerebrospinal fluid diversion associated or not with biopsy.
Clinical Presentation:
We report 2 illustrative cases of tectal gliomas in adults where endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and simultaneous endoscopic biopsy were obtained during the same operation by means of a single burr hole with a flexible endoscope.
Conclusion:
We recommend using this overlooked neurosurgical tool for such cases, since it allows the surgeon to safely perform an ETV, then judge whether biopsy can be done or not, without harming the patient, and possibly achieving an important piece of information (histopathological diagnosis) to manage this subset of oncological patients.
More Related Videos
15:49Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
Published on: October 16, 2013
09:36Live-Cell Imaging Assays to Study Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration and Invasion
Published on: August 29, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution
Actuarial Approach
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Information Processing Approach
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR
The Nativist Approach