Cytomegalovirus Disease in HIV-infected Children-A Single-Centre Clinical Experience over 23 Years

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Published on: June 11, 2011

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Deepti Suri1, Ankur K Jindal1, Aman Gupta1

  • 1Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|June 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease significantly impacts children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Early screening and ganciclovir treatment for CMV retinitis in these children improve visual outcomes and reduce mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection poses a significant health risk, causing morbidity and mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals.
  • Limited research exists on pediatric CMV disease, particularly in developing nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected children.
  • To highlight the importance of early detection and treatment strategies for pediatric CMV disease.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for all Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected children diagnosed with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease.
  • Data collected included clinical presentation, CD4+ T cell counts, treatment regimens, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen HIV-infected children were diagnosed with CMV disease, predominantly retinitis (100%), with some cases of pneumonia (13.3%) and invasive gastrointestinal disease (6.7%).
  • The median CD4+ T cell count was 64.5 cells/µl. Intravenous ganciclovir was administered for active CMV disease.
  • Mortality occurred in 20% of cases, and 13.3% were lost to follow-up. Early detection through active screening correlated with normal vision outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most prevalent CMV-related complication in HIV-infected children.
  • Active screening for early detection and prompt initiation of systemic ganciclovir therapy are crucial for reducing morbidity and improving visual prognosis in pediatric CMV disease.
Abstract

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