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Evaluating Proactive Strategy in Patients With OCD During Stop Signal Task.

Riccardo M Martoni1, Gaia Risso1, Mattia Giuliani1

  • 11I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele-Turro,Milan,Italy.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|June 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Proactive-Adjustment hypothesis (PA) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is changeable and similar in patients and controls. Response inhibition (RI) heterogeneity in OCD may stem from this variable PA strategy.

Keywords:
Obsessive-compulsive disorderProactive strategyResponse inhibitionSet-shiftingStop signal task

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The Proactive-Adjustment hypothesis (PA) suggests individuals adjust response thresholds to balance stopping and going.
  • Literature on response inhibition (RI) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is inconsistent, with PA potentially explaining this variability.
  • Investigating PA in OCD is crucial for understanding the disorder's cognitive underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Proactive-Adjustment hypothesis (PA) during the Stop Signal Task (SST) in patients with OCD.
  • To determine if the PA strategy, observed in inconsistent RI literature, is implemented by individuals with OCD.
  • To analyze behavioral differences and cognitive flexibility between proactive and non-proactive participants.

Main Methods:

  • Stop Signal Task (SST) performance was analyzed in 36 patients with OCD and 36 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Cluster analysis identified distinct participant behaviors irrespective of diagnosis.
  • Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift assessed rule and reversal acquisition; drug therapy influence was also analyzed.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in the distribution of OCD patients and HCs across identified clusters.
  • Proactive participants exhibited slower reaction times (RTs), fewer Direction Errors, higher Stop Signal Delay, and poorer cognitive flexibility compared to Not Proactive participants.
  • Not Proactive participants performed the task as fast as possible.

Conclusions:

  • The use of the PA strategy in patients with OCD is variable and comparable to that in HCs.
  • This finding suggests that heterogeneity in response inhibition (RI) within the OCD population may be linked to the Proactive-Adjustment hypothesis (PA).
  • Further research is warranted to explore the implications of PA variability in OCD.