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Related Concept Videos

Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

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Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's...
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

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Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
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The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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Multivariate physiological recordings in an experimental hemorrhage model.

Farid Yaghouby1, Chathuri Daluwatte1, Nicole R Marques2

  • 1Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States.

Data in Brief
|June 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a comprehensive dataset of physiological measurements from sheep undergoing induced hemorrhage. The data, including blood pressure and oxygen saturation, is publicly shared for research on hemodynamic responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Data Science
  • Animal Research

Background:

  • Hemorrhage significantly impacts physiological parameters.
  • Understanding hemodynamic responses to blood loss is critical.
  • Multivariate physiological data during hemorrhage is valuable for research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and share a comprehensive dataset of physiological measurements during induced hemorrhage in sheep.
  • To provide raw data for further analysis of hemodynamic and physiological changes.
  • To facilitate research into the effects of varying hemorrhage rates.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental hemorrhage induced in conscious sheep (N=8) at two distinct rates (fast: 1.25 mL/kg/min; slow: 0.25 mL/kg/min).
  • Acquisition of multivariate physiological data including waveforms and continuous/intermittent measurements.
  • Data digitized into European Data Format (EDF) for waveforms and Comma-Separated Values (CSV) for other measurements.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive dataset was generated, comprising experimental details, physiological waveforms (blood pressure, ECG), non-invasive measurements (SpO2, tissue oximetry), blood gas analyses, and cardiac output.
  • Data includes time-series records and intermittent analyses relevant to hemorrhage.
  • The dataset is publicly shared for accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • The presented dataset offers a valuable resource for studying physiological responses to hemorrhage.
  • This data can be used to validate models and understand compensatory mechanisms during blood loss.
  • Public sharing of such datasets accelerates scientific discovery in critical care and physiology research.