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Published on: October 10, 2012
Correlates of Positive Parenting Behaviors
Kerri E Woodward1,2, Debra L Boeldt3,4, Robin P Corley4
1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB Muenzinger D244, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA. Kerri.woodward@colorado.edu.
Abstract:
The present study examined the influence of maternal and child characteristics on parenting behaviors in a genetically informative study. The participants were 976 twins and their mothers from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study and the Twin Infant Project. Indicators of positive parenting were coded during parent-child interactions when twins were 7-36 months old. Child cognitive abilities and affection were independent correlates of positive parenting. There were significant gender differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on positive parenting, with shared environmental influences on parenting of girls and additive genetic influences on parenting of boys. Girls received significantly more positive parenting than boys. Differences in etiology of positive parenting may be explained by developmental gender differences in child cognitive abilities and affection, such that girls may have more rewarding interactions with parents, evoking more positive parenting.
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Correlation
Two variables, for example, a and b, are said to be positively correlated if both variables move in the same direction. In other words, a positive correlation exists between two variables, a and b, if: