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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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All-polymer fiber-optic pH sensor.

X Cheng, J Bonefacino, B O Guan

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new fiber-optic pH sensor was created using a UV-cured hydrogel. This innovative sensor accurately detects pH changes with a rapid response time.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are widely used in sensing applications.
    • Developing novel pH sensors with high sensitivity and fast response is crucial for various fields.
    • All-polymer FBG sensors offer advantages such as flexibility and biocompatibility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel all-polymer fiber-optic pH sensor.
    • To utilize a UV-cured pH-sensitive hydrogel, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), for pH sensing.
    • To investigate the performance of the developed sensor in terms of sensitivity and response time.

    Main Methods:

    • Coating a polymer fiber Bragg grating with UV-cured PEGDA hydrogel.
    • Investigating the volume change of PEGDA in response to varying pH levels.
    • Measuring the induced lateral stress on the FBG and its effect on the Bragg wavelength.

    Main Results:

    • The developed sensor demonstrated a pH sensitivity of -0.41 nm/pH.
    • The sensor exhibited a fast response time of 30 seconds.
    • The PEGDA hydrogel's volume change directly correlated with the surrounding fluid's pH.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel and effective all-polymer fiber-optic pH sensor has been successfully developed.
    • The sensor shows significant potential for real-time pH monitoring applications.
    • The use of PEGDA hydrogel offers a promising approach for fabricating advanced optical sensors.