Avian mite dermatitis: Diagnostic challenges and unmet needs

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Entomology
• Dermatology
• One Health

Background:

• The poultry red mite, *Dermanyssus gallinae*, poses significant economic and veterinary challenges to the global poultry industry.
• Increasing reports of opportunistic feeding on non-avian hosts suggest potential host expansion for *D. gallinae*.
• The direct impact of *D. gallinae* on human health, particularly concerning dermatitis, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize the current understanding of *Dermanyssus gallinae*-associated dermatitis in humans.
• To review recent developments and expert assessments regarding PRM's impact on human skin.
• To evaluate PRM's zoonotic potential through a "One Health" framework.

Main Methods:

• Critical literature assessment by European medical and veterinary experts.
• Focus on the state-of-the-art and new developments in PRM-associated dermatitis.
• Exclusion of personal clinical experience and differential diagnosis.

Main Results:

• PRM infestations in humans typically result in gamasoidosis, characterized by non-specific skin reactions.
• The review consolidates expert opinions on the clinical presentation and epidemiology of PRM-induced dermatitis.
• The assessment highlights knowledge gaps concerning the full spectrum of human health risks.

Conclusions:

• *Dermanyssus gallinae* represents a potential zoonotic agent with implications for public health.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the risks associated with PRM exposure in humans.
• A "One Health" approach is crucial for managing the risks posed by this ectoparasite.