Session 2: Mutational discordance: the big challenge in personalized treatments - any solutions?

M Siddiqui1, M Chand2, C Eng3

  • 1The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon, UK.

Insights

Personalized cancer therapy faces challenges due to limited molecular markers. Real-time analysis of tumor mutations could enable timely, effective treatments for metastatic disease.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Metastatic cancer treatment requires personalized, targeted therapies for optimal outcomes.
  • Current molecular markers are insufficient for reliably guiding newer chemotherapy choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss challenges in delivering timely, molecularly-guided cancer treatments.
  • To explore the potential of real-time tumor mutation analysis during disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current challenges in personalized oncology.
  • Discussion of molecular profiling and its limitations.
  • Exploration of real-time mutational analysis concepts.

Main Results:

  • Limited frequency and reliability of current molecular markers hinder personalized therapy.
  • Timely and effective treatment decisions are challenged by current diagnostic methods.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized cancer treatment necessitates improved molecular markers.
  • Real-time analysis of tumor mutational changes offers a promising avenue for adaptive therapy during progression.

Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
94.6K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
44.6K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
39.9K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
64.5K
Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

Solution Concentration and Dilution

The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
134.8K
Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
46.7K