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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

49.3K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
49.3K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid-Induced Membrane Permeabilization: Binding Is Not Enough.

Sandeep Kumar1, Holger A Scheidt2, Navleen Kaur1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|June 8, 2018
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The ionic liquid 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C12MIM]+) disrupts cell membranes, causing leakage. Its detergent-like structure is key to its membrane permeabilizing effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Amphiphilic ionic liquids, such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C12MIM]+), exhibit significant cytotoxicity.
  • Understanding the interaction of these ionic liquids with biological membranes is crucial for assessing their environmental impact and potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biophysical interactions between the ionic liquid [C12MIM]+ and zwitterionic (POPC) and anionic (POPG) lipid membranes.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the membrane permeabilizing effects of [C12MIM]+.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence spectroscopy
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry
  • Solution-state and solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

Main Results:

  • [C12MIM]+ inserts into lipid bilayers and induces vesicle leakage at concentrations below 1 mM.
  • Zwitterionic POPC membranes show higher susceptibility to leakage, while anionic POPG membranes exhibit stronger binding of [C12MIM]+.
  • The exchange rate of membrane-bound [C12MIM]+ is implicated in membrane leakage, and its detergent-like structure facilitates membrane permeabilization.

Conclusions:

  • [C12MIM]+ acts as a membrane-permeabilizing agent through a detergent-like mechanism.
  • The differential interaction with zwitterionic and anionic membranes influences membrane disruption.
  • This study provides molecular insights into the membrane activity of amphiphilic ionic liquids.