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Why are background telephone conversations distracting?

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  • 1Department of Building, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, University of Gavle.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
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Overhearing only one side of a phone call, a "halfalogue," is more distracting than a full conversation because we predict the unheard speech. This distraction can be reduced by increasing task engagement.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Office environments frequently feature telephone conversations.
  • Overhearing partial phone calls ('halfalogues') is more disruptive than full conversations.
  • The 'halfalogue effect' stems from either acoustic unpredictability or semantic predictability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of the 'halfalogue effect': acoustic unexpectedness versus semantic unpredictability.
  • To determine if cognitive control can mitigate the 'halfalogue effect'.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants completed office tasks amidst quiet, meaningful halfalogue, or dialogue speech.
  • Experiment 2: Task engagement was manipulated using easy-to-read (fluent) versus difficult-to-read (disfluent) text.

Main Results:

  • The 'halfalogue effect' was observed only with meaningful speech, not meaningless speech.
  • A difficult-to-read font (disfluent text) eliminated the 'halfalogue effect', suggesting increased cognitive engagement.
  • The effect is attributed to semantic unpredictability, not acoustic factors.

Conclusions:

  • The 'halfalogue effect' is driven by the predictability of the unheard speech content.
  • Enhancing task engagement, for example, through disfluent text, can prevent the disruptive impact of halfalogue speech.