A decade of genome sequencing has revolutionized studies of experimental evolution

Genome sequencing has revolutionized studies using experimental evolution of microbes because it readily provides comprehensive insight into the genetic bases of adaptation. In this perspective we discuss applications of sequencing-based technologies used to study evolution in microbes, including genomic sequencing of isolated evolved clones and mixed evolved populations, and also the use of sequencing methods to follow the fate of introduced variations, whether neutral barcodes or variants introduced by genome editing. Collectively, these sequencing-based approaches have vastly advanced the examination of evolution in the lab, as well as begun to synthesize this work with examination of the genetic bases of adaptation and evolutionary dynamics within natural populations.