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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Functional Interplay between Small Non-Coding RNAs and RNA Modification in the Brain.

Laura J Leighton1, Timothy W Bredy2

  • 1Cognitive Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. l.leighton@uq.edu.au.

Non-Coding RNA
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression in neurons, impacting brain functions. Their interplay with RNA modifications, the epitranscriptome, is crucial for learning and memory.

Keywords:
epitranscriptomicsneurobiologynon-coding RNAsmall RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are vital for gene regulation in all cells, especially neurons.
  • sncRNAs play key roles in neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and neurological disorders.
  • These RNAs can modify other RNA species or be modified themselves, affecting gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of small non-coding RNAs in the mammalian brain.
  • To explore the interaction between the epitranscriptome and small RNA activity.
  • To understand how these interactions influence gene activation dynamics in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of small non-coding RNAs in the brain.
  • Analysis of the interplay between RNA modifications and small RNA function.
  • Discussion of the role of epitranscriptomics in neuronal gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • Small non-coding RNAs are critical for neuronal function and gene regulation.
  • The epitranscriptome significantly influences small RNA activity and function.
  • This interplay affects the spatial and temporal control of gene activation in the brain.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into epitranscriptomics will reveal essential interactions with small RNAs.
  • These interactions are fundamental for higher-order brain functions like learning and memory.
  • Understanding the sncRNA-epitranscriptome axis offers new insights into brain complexity.