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Parasitic wasps use microRNAs (miRNAs) from wasp cells and viruses to control host insects. These miRNAs alter host physiology, demonstrating cross-species regulation in parasitism.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Parasitic wasps manipulate host physiology for offspring survival using venom, polydnaviruses (PDVs), and teratocytes.
  • The molecular mechanisms behind these host alterations are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by the parasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis and its associated bracovirus (CvBV) in altering the physiology of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella.
  • To identify specific miRNAs and their molecular targets involved in host regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of miRNA expression in parasitized and non-parasitized hosts.
  • Identification of miRNA sources (teratocytes vs. CvBV).
  • Experimental validation of miRNA function by targeting the host ecdysone receptor (EcR).

Main Results:

  • Teratocytes and CvBV of Cotesia vestalis produce and deliver miRNAs into the host.
  • CvBV-encoded miRNAs are highly upregulated (100-fold) in parasitized hosts.
  • Specific miRNAs (Cve-miR-281-3p and Cve-miR-novel22-5p-1) were shown to arrest host growth by modulating the host ecdysone receptor (EcR).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of cross-species miRNA regulation in animal parasitism.
  • Wasp-derived miRNAs play a significant role in altering host physiology during parasitism, impacting host growth via the ecdysone receptor pathway.