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A Framework for Anchor Methods and an Iterative Forward Approach for DIF Detection.

Julia Kopf1, Achim Zeileis2, Carolin Strobl3

  • 1Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.

Applied Psychological Measurement
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selecting appropriate anchor items is crucial for differential item functioning (DIF) analysis in the Rasch model. A new iterative forward anchor class with a single-anchor strategy proves superior when DIF direction is unknown.

Keywords:
Rasch modelanchor methodsanchor selectioncontaminationdifferential item functioning (DIF)item biasitem response theory (IRT)

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Item Response Theory

Background:

  • Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis requires a common metric to compare item parameters across test-taker groups.
  • In the Rasch model, this common metric is established by restricting item parameters, using specific items termed 'anchor items'.
  • Appropriate selection of these anchor items remains a significant challenge in DIF analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a conceptual framework for categorizing anchor item selection methods in DIF analysis.
  • To introduce a novel 'iterative forward' anchor class and evaluate its performance.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different anchor classes and selection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a conceptual framework with 'anchor class' and 'anchor selection strategy'.
  • Implementation of several anchor classes with varying anchor selection strategies.
  • An extensive simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of these methods.

Main Results:

  • The proposed conceptual framework effectively categorizes existing and new anchor methods.
  • The novel 'iterative forward' anchor class demonstrated strong performance.
  • Combining the 'iterative forward' anchor class with a single-anchor selection strategy yielded superior results, particularly when the direction of DIF was unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework provides a structured approach to understanding and developing anchor item selection methods.
  • The 'iterative forward' anchor class represents a significant advancement in DIF analysis.
  • The combination of the 'iterative forward' anchor class and single-anchor strategy is recommended for DIF analysis when prior knowledge of DIF direction is absent.