Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

The Unfolded Protein Response

6.4K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
6.4K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

3.1K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.1K
Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

7.1K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
7.1K
Types of Aggregate Grading01:15

Types of Aggregate Grading

1.5K
Aggregate grading is crucial in economically obtaining a concrete mix with adequate strength, reasonable workability, and minimal segregation. There are four types of aggregate gradation: well-graded, uniformly (or one-sized) graded, gap-graded, and open-graded.
Well-graded aggregates include a complete range of necessary size fractions that fit together to create a dense matrix with minimal voids, represented by a smooth, continuous gradation curve. This type of grading ensures good...
1.5K
Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves01:19

Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

996
Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
996
Responses to Gravity and Touch02:26

Responses to Gravity and Touch

42.0K
Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity
42.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31 in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary identified by array comparative genomic hybridization may explain teratoma characteristics in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.

Journal of ovarian research·2024
Same author

Assessing ChatGPT's capacity for clinical decision support in pediatrics: A comparative study with pediatricians using KIDMAP of Rasch analysis.

Medicine·2023
Same author

An Iterative Scale Purification Procedure on <i>l</i><sub>z</sub> for the Detection of Aberrant Responses.

Multivariate behavioral research·2023
Same author

DUSP5 and PHLDA1 mutations in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary identified on whole-exome sequencing may explain teratoma characteristics.

Human genomics·2022
Same author

Corrigendum: Methylation Statuses of H19DMR and KvDMR at WT2 in Wilms Tumors in Taiwan.

Pathology oncology research : POR·2022
Same author

Computerized Adaptive Testing for Ipsative Tests with Multidimensional Pairwise-Comparison Items: Algorithm Development and Applications.

Applied psychological measurement·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Analysis of Multidimensional Microscopy Data Using Cell-ACDC
06:17

Analysis of Multidimensional Microscopy Data Using Cell-ACDC

Published on: November 7, 2025

553

Confirmatory Multidimensional IRT Unfolding Models for Graded-Response Items.

Wen-Chung Wang1, Shiu-Lien Wu2

  • 1The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong.

Applied Psychological Measurement
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new confirmatory multidimensional generalized graded unfolding model improves efficiency for multiple graded-response item tests. This advanced model offers better data fit, higher reliability, and stronger latent trait correlations compared to unidimensional approaches.

Keywords:
Bayesiangraded-response itemsideal-pointitem response theorymultidimensional modelsunfolding

More Related Videos

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
07:53

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

Published on: March 17, 2020

7.7K
Author Spotlight: Analysis of Ovarian Anatomy in Migratory Insects to Overcome Experimental Challenges
04:41

Author Spotlight: Analysis of Ovarian Anatomy in Migratory Insects to Overcome Experimental Challenges

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Analysis of Multidimensional Microscopy Data Using Cell-ACDC
06:17

Analysis of Multidimensional Microscopy Data Using Cell-ACDC

Published on: November 7, 2025

553
Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
07:53

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

Published on: March 17, 2020

7.7K
Author Spotlight: Analysis of Ovarian Anatomy in Migratory Insects to Overcome Experimental Challenges
04:41

Author Spotlight: Analysis of Ovarian Anatomy in Migratory Insects to Overcome Experimental Challenges

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Item Response Theory

Background:

  • Unidimensional unfolding item response models are standard for graded-response items but become inefficient with multiple tests.
  • Existing models struggle to adequately capture complex relationships in multidimensional datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the confirmatory multidimensional generalized graded unfolding model (CMGGU) as a solution for analyzing multiple tests of graded-response items.
  • To evaluate the parameter recovery and performance of the CMGGU model through simulation studies.
  • To demonstrate the practical advantages of the CMGGU model over unidimensional approaches using real-world data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the confirmatory multidimensional generalized graded unfolding model (CMGGU).
  • Conducting simulation studies to assess parameter recovery using the WinBUGS program, focusing on between-item multidimensionality.
  • Application of the CMGGU model to the Tattoo Attitude Questionnaire with three subscales.

Main Results:

  • The CMGGU model demonstrated fair parameter recovery in simulation studies, particularly for between-item multidimensionality.
  • Analysis of the Tattoo Attitude Questionnaire showed superior model-data fit compared to unidimensional models.
  • The new model yielded higher test reliability and a stronger correlation between latent traits.

Conclusions:

  • The confirmatory multidimensional generalized graded unfolding model (CMGGU) effectively addresses the limitations of unidimensional models in multidimensional settings.
  • The CMGGU model provides a more accurate and reliable assessment of latent traits in complex testing scenarios.
  • This advanced model has significant potential for applications in various fields requiring nuanced measurement of graded-response items.