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Anchor Selection Using the Wald Test Anchor-All-Test-All Procedure.

Mian Wang1, Carol M Woods2

  • 1Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Applied Psychological Measurement
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces new methods for selecting anchor items in differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. These approaches, using a modified Wald test, offer efficient alternatives to current popular strategies for accurate DIF detection.

Keywords:
Wald’s testall-others-as-anchorsanchor selectionanchor-all-test-alldifferential item functioninglikelihood ratio test

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Item Response Theory (IRT)

Background:

  • Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis requires linking groups via invariant anchor items.
  • Existing anchor-selection strategies often rely on computationally intensive likelihood ratio tests.
  • The all-others-as-anchors approach necessitates numerous model fittings, increasing complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and compare alternative anchor-selection strategies for DIF analysis.
  • To evaluate strategies based on a modified Wald chi-square test against traditional likelihood ratio tests.
  • To assess the accuracy, power, and Type I error rates of different anchor identification methods.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated anchor-selection strategies using a modified Wald chi-square test implemented in flexMIRT and IRTPRO.
  • Compared these novel strategies with established methods employing likelihood ratio testing.
  • Evaluated four distinct strategies combining two testing methods and two selection criteria.

Main Results:

  • Presents findings on the accuracy of anchor identification for the evaluated strategies.
  • Reports on the statistical power and Type I error rates of subsequent DIF tests.
  • Compares the efficiency and effectiveness of the modified Wald test-based strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Discusses the practical implications of the findings for applied researchers conducting DIF analyses.
  • Offers recommendations for selecting appropriate anchor-selection strategies in psychometric research.
  • Suggests directions for future research in DIF methodology and anchor item selection.