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Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Published on: September 18, 2020

Chromatic: WebAssembly-Based Cancer Genome Viewer.

Richard Finney¹, Daoud Meerzaman¹

¹Computational Genomics Research Group, Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Cancer Informatics

|June 9, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatic is a new bioinformatics tool for cancer research. It helps scientists visually validate genomic variations from next-generation sequencing data using WebAssembly technology for rapid, browser-based analysis.

Keywords:

WebAssembly cancer mutation viewer

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Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Genomics
Cancer Research

Background:

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) generates vast amounts of cancer genomic data.
Validating genomic variations identified by NGS is crucial for accurate cancer research.
Existing bioinformatics tools may require specialized expertise, limiting accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce Chromatic, a novel web-browser tool for visual inspection of genomic variations.
To enable researchers, including those without extensive bioinformatics expertise, to validate cancer-related genomic calls.
To leverage WebAssembly technology for efficient, browser-based execution of bioinformatics tasks.

Main Methods:

Development of Chromatic as a web-browser application.
Implementation of WebAssembly technology for rapid program execution in browsers.
Focus on a user-friendly interface for visual inspection of genomic variations.

Main Results:

Chromatic provides a novel platform for visually inspecting genomic variations in cancer data.
It is the first cancer bioinformatics tool utilizing WebAssembly.
The tool is designed for ease of use by scientists with varying levels of bioinformatics experience.

Conclusions:

Chromatic offers an accessible and efficient solution for validating genomic variations in cancer research.
The use of WebAssembly in bioinformatics enables faster and more portable tools.
This tool can empower a broader range of researchers to contribute to cancer genomics.