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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Capillary Beds01:20

Capillary Beds

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Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels that play a crucial role in the circulatory system. These beds are where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and surrounding tissues. Each capillary bed consists of numerous capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body, typically only one cell-thick. This thinness allows for the efficient diffusion of substances.
Capillaries connect arterioles, small branches of arteries, to venules,...
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Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

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The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
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Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

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Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
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Upconversion nanoparticle bioconjugates characterized by capillary electrophoresis.

Tereza Vaneckova1, Kristyna Smerkova1,2, Jan Zitka1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

Electrophoresis
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces capillary electrophoresis (CE) for characterizing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and their bioconjugates. This novel method enables precise analysis of UCNPs for advanced bioimaging applications.

Keywords:
Laser diodeNear-infrared excitationPhoton upconversionSeparation method

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Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Isoforms Using a Neutral Capillary
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Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Isoforms Using a Neutral Capillary
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Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Isoforms Using a Neutral Capillary

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer superior bioimaging due to minimal background noise and deep tissue penetration.
  • Their surface can be easily modified for targeted delivery, enhancing their utility in diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a method for characterizing UCNPs and their bioconjugates.
  • To investigate the conjugation of targeting ligands, such as folic acid and antibodies, to UCNPs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
  • Optimized separation conditions, including background electrolyte concentration and pH (20 mM borate buffer, pH 8).
  • Investigated carboxyl-silica-coated UCNPs and their bioconjugation using folic acid and antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the successful application of CE for UCNP and bioconjugate characterization.
  • Optimized conditions provide effective separation and analysis of functionalized UCNPs.
  • Peptide-mediated bioconjugation of antibodies to UCNPs was successfully investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Capillary electrophoresis is a novel and effective technique for analyzing UCNPs and their bioconjugates.
  • This method advances the potential of UCNPs in targeted bioimaging and diagnostics.
  • The study highlights the versatility of UCNPs for bioconjugation and their application in cancer research.