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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.4K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.4K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

134.0K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
134.0K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

14.8K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
14.8K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

49.3K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
49.3K
Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

35.7K
Bond Polarity
35.7K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

79.3K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
79.3K

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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
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Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

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Charge Environment and Hydrogen Bond Dynamics in Binary Ionic Liquid Mixtures: A Computational Study.

Nikhil V S Avula1, Anirban Mondal1, Sundaram Balasubramanian1

  • 1Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Bangalore 560064 , India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

In ionic liquid mixtures, cation charge varies linearly with anion composition, influenced by anion basicity and coordination environment. This finding helps explain spectroscopic differences observed in these complex fluid systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Charge transfer in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is anion basicity-dependent.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations accurately predict condensed-state ion charges.
  • Transferability of cation charges in RTIL mixtures requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cation charge variation in RTIL mixtures with varying anion compositions.
  • To correlate cation charge changes with anion basicity and coordination environment.
  • To elucidate the dynamics of anion exchange in cation coordination shells.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for ion charges.
  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using derived force fields.
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for experimental validation.
  • Analysis of anion exchange time scales (hydrogen bond breakage, diffusion, displacement).

Main Results:

  • Cation charge in RTIL mixtures exhibits a linear dependence on anion composition.
  • Cation charge is modulated by its coordination environment and the basicity of surrounding anions.
  • Anion exchange at cation hydrogen bonding sites involves three distinct kinetic processes.
  • Observed spectroscopic differences (IR, NMR) are explained by these dynamic processes.

Conclusions:

  • Cation charge is not constant in RTIL mixtures but varies predictably with composition.
  • The coordination environment and anion basicity are key factors governing cation charge.
  • Understanding anion exchange dynamics is crucial for interpreting spectroscopic data in RTIL mixtures.