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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Aggregates Classification01:29

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Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...
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Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Specific Gravity of Aggregate01:19

Specific Gravity of Aggregate

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Aggregates typically contain pores, which can be either permeable or impermeable. Considering the pores in the aggregates, the specific gravity of aggregates is defined in three different forms, namely, bulk or gross specific gravity, apparent specific gravity, and absolute specific gravity.
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Bulk Density of Aggregate01:22

Bulk Density of Aggregate

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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
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Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

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Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
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Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation Under Flow using Microfluidic Flow Cells
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A microfluidic competitive immuno-aggregation assay for high sensitivity cell secretome detection.

Fan Liu1, Pawan Kc2, Liwei Ni1

  • 1a Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio , United States.

Organogenesis
|June 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new assay uses competitive immuno-aggregation and a micro-Coulter counter for sensitive cell secretome detection. This method accurately quantifies proteins like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in biological samples.

Keywords:
Microfluidiccell secretomecompetitive immuno-aggregationfunctionalized microparticlevascular endothelial growth factor

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cell secretomes contain vital proteins regulating biological processes.
  • Accurate quantification of secretome proteins is crucial for disease diagnosis and research.
  • Existing detection methods may lack sensitivity or require complex procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-sensitivity method for detecting and quantifying cell secretome proteins.
  • To utilize competitive immuno-aggregation and micro-Coulter counter technology for this purpose.
  • To demonstrate the assay's efficacy using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a target.

Main Methods:

  • Competitive immuno-aggregation assay involving biotinylated antibodies and anti-biotin microparticles.
  • Micro-Coulter counter for measuring changes in microparticle aggregate volume.
  • Quantification of VEGF in cell secretome samples from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

Main Results:

  • The assay demonstrated a detection range of 0.01 ng/mL to 100.00 ng/mL for VEGF.
  • Accurate quantification of VEGF in hMSC secretome samples was achieved.
  • Results correlated well with traditional enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) methods, confirming specificity and reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed assay offers high sensitivity and reliability for cell secretome analysis.
  • The method is simple, requires minimal sample preparation, and is adaptable for detecting various secretome proteins.
  • This technique holds potential for advancing diagnostics and research in cell biology and medicine.