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Regional brain tissue integrity in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Leila Kheirandish-Gozal1, Ashish K Sahib2, Paul M Macey3
1Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Neuroscience Letters
|June 9, 2018
Summary
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to brain tissue changes, particularly in areas controlling cognition and behavior. These findings suggest acute injury in children with OSA, impacting brain function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pediatric Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with neural injury and cognitive deficits.
- Previous research indicated structural brain changes like reduced gray matter volume in pediatric OSA.
- Understanding the underlying pathology of these structural changes is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess brain tissue integrity in children with OSA using entropy tissue texture analysis.
- To identify specific brain regions affected by tissue changes in pediatric OSA.
- To correlate these tissue changes with potential pathological processes.
Main Methods:
- High-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 10 children with OSA and 8 healthy controls.
- Entropy maps were calculated from MRI images to measure local signal intensity patterns.
- Statistical comparison (ANCOVA) was performed between groups, controlling for age and gender.
Main Results:
- Children with OSA exhibited reduced entropy values in key brain regions, including the pre-frontal cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
- These reduced entropy values suggest acute tissue injury in these areas.
- No brain regions showed increased entropy in the OSA group.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric OSA is associated with acute brain tissue injury, predominantly in regions regulating autonomic, respiratory, cognitive, and neuropsychological functions.
- Hypoxia/re-oxygenation, repeated arousals, and hypercarbia are potential contributors to these observed brain tissue integrity changes.
- These findings highlight the impact of OSA on brain health in children.
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