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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

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Bone disease in alcohol abuse.

D D Bikle, H K Genant, C Cann

Annals of Internal Medicine

|July 1, 1985

Summary

Chronic alcohol abuse in men leads to significant bone loss, particularly in the spine. This bone disease stems from reduced bone remodeling, independent of hormonal imbalances.

Area of Science:

Bone biology and metabolic diseases
Endocrinology and mineral metabolism

Background:

Alcohol abuse is a prevalent issue with known systemic health consequences.
Skeletal complications, including bone density loss, are frequently observed in individuals with chronic alcohol consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specific nature of bone disease in long-term male alcohol abusers.
To elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to bone loss in this population.

Main Methods:

Evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) in vertebral cancellous and appendicular cortical bone.
Assessed bone resorption and formation markers.
Measured serum levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D metabolites (calcifediol, calcitriol), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (ncAMP).

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Main Results:

Mean vertebral cancellous bone density was 58% of normal; appendicular cortical bone density was 90% of normal.
A marked reduction in bone resorption and formation was observed.
Serum biochemistry revealed normal vitamin D metabolites and phosphorus, low-normal calcium and magnesium, and high-normal PTH and ncAMP levels, with no evidence of osteomalacia.

Conclusions:

Bone disease in chronic alcohol-abusing men is characterized by reduced bone remodeling.
The findings suggest a mechanism of inhibition of bone remodeling independent of calciotropic hormones.
This bone disease is not attributable to impaired parathyroid hormone secretion/function or abnormal vitamin D metabolism.