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Cardiometabolic Risk Factors at 5 Years After Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Infancy

Valene H L See1, Trevor A Mori2, Susan L Prescott3,4

  • 1Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; valene.see@uwa.edu.au.

Pediatrics
|June 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in infancy reduced waist circumference in children. Boys supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA showed improved insulin levels and insulin resistance at age five.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) may reduce adult cardiovascular risk.
  • Animal studies suggest a link between infant n-3 LCPUFA and cardiovascular health.
  • This study investigated the impact of infant n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in infancy on growth.
  • To evaluate the impact on body composition at 5 years of age.
  • To determine the influence on cardiometabolic risk factors at 5 years of age.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with 420 infants from birth to 6 months.
  • Supplementation with n-3 LCPUFA or olive oil (control).
  • Measurements at birth and 5 years included anthropometry, blood pressure, heart rate, and biochemical markers.

Main Results:

  • n-3 LCPUFA supplementation resulted in a smaller waist circumference at 5 years.
  • Boys receiving n-3 LCPUFA showed reduced insulin concentrations (21%) and insulin resistance (22%).
  • No significant differences in other growth and cardiometabolic factors were observed for the whole cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Infant n-3 LCPUFA supplementation reduced waist circumference at 5 years.
  • Boys showed improved insulin sensitivity, potentially benefiting long-term health.
  • Effects were not observed in girls, and longer follow-up is needed.
Abstract

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