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Schemas

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

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Updated Protocol for the Assembly and Use of the Minibioreactor Array (MBRA)

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Adenotonsillar microbiome: an update.

James Jordan Johnston¹, Richard Douglas¹

¹Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Postgraduate Medical Journal

|June 10, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the upper airway microbiome in children. New molecular techniques reveal a broader picture of bacteria in adenoids and tonsils than traditional culture methods.

Keywords:

adenoid microbiome paediatric otolaryngology tonsil

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Paediatric Health
Molecular Biology

Background:

Pathogenic bacteria in adenoids and tonsils cause significant illness in children.
Adenoid hyperplasia links to otitis media; tonsil hyperplasia links to recurrent tonsillitis and sleep apnea.
Traditional culture methods provide incomplete insights into upper airway microbiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To review novel culture-independent molecular techniques for analyzing upper airway microbiomes.
To summarize findings from studies using these advanced methods on adenoids and tonsils.

Main Methods:

Utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing for culture-independent surveys.
Investigating the microbiome on the surface and within adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues.

Main Results:

Molecular surveys reveal a more comprehensive bacterial profile than culture-based studies.
Identified diverse microbial communities in paediatric adenoids and tonsils.

Conclusions:

Culture-independent methods offer a deeper understanding of the upper airway microbiome.
This knowledge is crucial for addressing paediatric respiratory and ear conditions.