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Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of mAb treatment against MERS-CoV in common marmosets

Emmie de Wit1, Friederike Feldmann2, Atsushi Okumura3

  • 1Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.

Antiviral Research
|June 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) showed prophylactic efficacy against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in marmosets. Therapeutic treatment was less effective, suggesting mAbs are best for preventing MERS-CoV infection.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has a high case-fatality rate, necessitating effective treatments.
  • Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) REGN3051 and REGN3048 have shown promise against MERS-CoV in preclinical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of REGN3048 and REGN3051 in a common marmoset model of MERS-CoV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Common marmosets were treated intravenously with REGN3048 and/or REGN3051 either one day before or one day after MERS-CoV challenge.
  • Efficacy was assessed by measuring MERS-CoV-neutralizing activity in blood, respiratory disease severity, and viral loads in the lungs.

Main Results:

  • Prophylactic treatment with mAbs one day before challenge reduced respiratory disease severity and viral lung loads when both antibodies were used.
  • Therapeutic treatment one day after challenge was less effective, with all treated animals developing severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • Monoclonal antibody administration may be more effective as a prophylactic measure against MERS-CoV rather than a therapeutic intervention after infection.
  • Further research into the optimal timing and combination of mAbs for MERS-CoV treatment is warranted.
Keywords:
Animal modelCommon marmosetMERS-CoVMonoclonal antibody treatmentNeutralizing antibody

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