Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

80.3K
Overview
80.3K
Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

3.7K
A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
3.7K
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

18.4K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
18.4K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

25.2K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
25.2K
Internal Combustion Engine01:20

Internal Combustion Engine

2.7K
The internal combustion engine is a heat engine that uses the byproducts of combustion as the working fluid instead of using a heat transfer medium to transfer heat. The combustion is done in a way that produces high-pressure combustion products that can be expanded through a turbine or piston to create work. Internal combustion engines can again be categorized into three kinds: (1) spark ignition gasoline engines, most commonly used in automobiles, (2) compression ignition diesel engines that...
2.7K
Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

3.7K
The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, which is the same before and after the completion of the Carnot cycle, there is no change in its internal energy. Hence, using the first law of thermodynamics, the total heat exchanged by the ideal gas equals the total work done. Thus, we can quantify the efficiency of the Carnot cycle via the heat exchanged...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Engineering and Application of a Thermostable MHETase for PET Depolymerization.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026
Same author

Lignin to adipic acid in a high-yield chemical and biological redox process.

Nature·2026
Same author

Effects of Polymer Morphology on Solvent and Catalyst Accessibility during Polyethylene and Polystyrene Autoxidation.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Challenges and opportunities in the enzymatic recycling of nylons.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

Alkylidene functionalization produces highly recyclable and scalable polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Closed-Loop Recycling of Poly(pentylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) via Amine-Catalyzed Methanolysis.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same journal

Metabolic rewiring overcomes physiological constraints in Sphingobium lignivorans SYK-6 for valorization of industrial lignin streams.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same journal

Adaptively evolved chitin overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same journal

Programmable and controllable sexual life cycle for improved evolution in Komegataella phaffii.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same journal

Evolution-guided high yield production of potent Gα<sub>q/11</sub>-signalling inhibitors FR900359 and YM-254890.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same journal

Engineering a microbial platform for the biosynthesis of anthranilic acid and its derivatives.

Metabolic engineering·2026
Same journal

Metabolic engineering strategies for producing decanoic acid and related oleochemicals: 1-decanol, 2-nonanone, and poly(3-hydroxydecanoate) in Escherichia coli.

Metabolic engineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification
06:00

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Published on: November 18, 2011

32.3K

Engineering Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for efficient ethylene glycol utilization.

Mary Ann Franden1, Lahiru N Jayakody1, Wing-Jin Li2

  • 1National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.

Metabolic Engineering
|June 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered Pseudomonas putida efficiently metabolizes ethylene glycol by overexpressing key genes, enabling its use in bioremediation and bioplastics production. This overcomes toxicity bottlenecks for industrial applications.

Keywords:
Ethylene glycolGlycolaldehydeGlycolateGlyoxylateMetabolismPseudomonas putida KT2440

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Polyethylene glycol Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering
10:18

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Polyethylene glycol Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering

Published on: August 27, 2016

10.4K
Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria
08:51

Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria

Published on: November 10, 2016

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification
06:00

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Published on: November 18, 2011

32.3K
Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Polyethylene glycol Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering
10:18

Fabrication of Inverted Colloidal Crystal Polyethylene glycol Scaffold: A Three-dimensional Cell Culture Platform for Liver Tissue Engineering

Published on: August 27, 2016

10.4K
Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria
08:51

Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria

Published on: November 10, 2016

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbial Metabolism
  • Biotechnology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Ethylene glycol is a widely used industrial chemical.
  • Its metabolism involves toxic intermediates, posing challenges for microbial degradation.
  • Pseudomonas putida KT2440, despite possessing relevant genes, does not efficiently metabolize ethylene glycol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for efficient ethylene glycol metabolism.
  • To elucidate and optimize the metabolic pathway for ethylene glycol utilization.
  • To develop a robust strain for bioremediation and bioplastics production.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic overexpression of glyoxylate carboligase (gcl) and associated genes.
  • Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze gene transcription.
  • Engineering of the glycolate oxidase (glcDEF) operon to mitigate toxic intermediate accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified and confirmed the gcl operon (hyi, glxR, ttuD, pykF) in P. putida.
  • Optimized ethylene glycol metabolism through overexpression of the entire gcl operon.
  • Overcame toxicity of glycolaldehyde and glycolate, enabling growth in up to 2 M ethylene glycol.
  • Engineered strain demonstrated complete consumption of 0.5 M ethylene glycol and conversion to polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs).

Conclusions:

  • A robust P. putida KT2440 strain capable of efficient ethylene glycol consumption was developed.
  • This engineered strain minimizes toxic intermediate production, enhancing safety and efficiency.
  • The strain serves as a foundation for biocatalyst development in polyester plastic remediation and wastewater treatment.