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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents
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Biomonitoring Equivalents for cyanide.

C R Kirman1, A M Belknap2, A F Webster2

  • 1Summit Toxicology, LLP, Bozeman, MT, USA.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
|June 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) for cyanide exposure, using thiocyanate (SCN-) in urine or plasma as the biomarker. These BEs aid in assessing health risks from widespread environmental cyanide exposure.

Keywords:
Biomonitoring EquivalentsPlasmaThiocyanateUrine

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Cyanide exposure is common from natural and human-made sources.
  • Excess cyanide poses dose-dependent health risks, including thyroid, reproductive, developmental, and neurological effects.
  • Exposure guideline values exist, but direct biomonitoring requires corresponding biomarker levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) for cyanide exposure.
  • To identify a practical biomarker for cyanide exposure.
  • To establish reference concentrations for health risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cyanide pharmacokinetics.
  • Identification of thiocyanate (SCN-) as a practical biomarker in urine and plasma.
  • Calculation of BE values based on critical effect levels.

Main Results:

  • Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) for cyanide were determined.
  • Recommended ranges for thiocyanate (SCN-) in urine: 0.0008–0.8 mg/L.
  • Recommended ranges for thiocyanate (SCN-) in plasma: 0.0005–2.5 mg/L.

Conclusions:

  • Established BE values provide a tool for screening-level cyanide risk assessment.
  • Biomarker specificity and background levels require further research for higher-tier assessments.
  • Confidence in BE values varies by exposure route, biomarker, and health endpoint.